Self-guiding arrangement for parallel rulers and the like.



SELF GUIDING ARE I S; SANDURSKYJ. ANGEMENT FOR PARALLEL RULERS AND THE LIKE. APPLICATION FIL'ED JAN.18,1912.

Patented 00t.7,1913.

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S. SANDURSKYJ. SELF GUIDING ARRANGEMENT FOR PARALLEL RULERS AND .THE LIKE.

APPLICATION FILED JAN. 18, 1912.

Patented Oct. 7, 1913.

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TUNTTD STA ATEN T FFTQ SOZONT SANDURSKYJ', OF VIENNA, AUSTRIA-HUNGARY.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented Oct. '7, 1913.

Application filed January 18, 1912. Serial No. 671,900.

To all whom it may concern.

Be it known that I, SoZoNT SANDURSKYJ, I

engineer, a subject of the Emperor of Austria-Hungary, residing at 6/10, Tempelgasse, Vienna, Austria- Hungary, have invented new and useful Improvements in and Relating to Self- Guiding Arrangements for Parallel Rulers and the like, of which thefollowing is a specification.

This invention comprises improvements in and relating to self-guiding arrangements for parallel rulers and the like and refers particularly to that class of ruler fitted with sheaves or guides which engage with one or more wires or cords secured to the edges of the drawing board or other working surface. The arrangement of wires and sheaves is such that when the ruler has been adjusted to a horizontal or other desired position and the wires have been secured, should the ruler be moved in relation to the board, it is self-guiding in such a fashion that it always retains parallelism with the position from which it was last moved. Thus a ruler so guided is advantageously employed in place of the ordinary T-squares, set squares, or parallel rulers commonly employed by draftsmen.

The present improvements have several objects in view, such as, for example, to render arrangements of this kind more accurate under various conditions, to prevent the ruler from falling down the board when the latter is tilted, to simplify the mode of attaching the guiding wires and to enable these arrangements to be applied to drawing boards with less restriction of the work ing area thereof than heretofore and also without exposing the wires to the danger of accidental breakage. These improvements provide a novel arrangement of sheaves which permits of the guiding wire or wires being carried along the side edges of the drawing board and beneath the plane of the working surface, so that the latter is not in any way obstructed by the wires and can therefore be free of all fittings which is of importance. This novel arrangement, moreover, permits of the wires being carried along such side edges in close proximity thereto, so that there is no danger of the wires being caught and broken by fixed obj ects when moving the board or of the wires being caught and broken by a moving object when the drawing board is resting upon its support. This arrangement of the sheaves, moreover, permits of attaining an improved general arrangement of the guiding wire or wires, which is not only advantageous in use but also when the arrangement has been removed from the board, all as will be hereinafter particularly described and ascertained by reference to the accompanying drawings.

The ruler may be prevented from falling down the board, when the latter is tilted, by providing a brake device which acts either upon a sheave or upon several of the latter, in one direction only, or upon the guiding wire or wires in one direction only. Such a brake device obviates the use of a counter weight which has been sometimes used for the purpose.

In making an adjustment of the ruler to or from a horizontal position, it is necessary to be able to quickly release and secure the guiding wire or wires in order to prevent loss of time which otherwise would be occasioned by such adjustments. These improvements therefore provide a clamp for securing the wire or wires, which clamp is capable of being released or tightened instantaneously and can be arranged in such a position as not to impede the draftsman.

Figure 1 is a plan of an improved arrangement in which the guiding wire is mounted and guided around the edges of the board. Fig. 2 is a plan of a sheave having a guiding wire lapped around about three-quarters of its circumference and Figs. 3 and 4 are elevations of two inclined sheaves having the wire so lapped around them, these views enabling an understanding of the novel arrangement rendered possible by inclining the sheaves. Figs. 5 and 6 correspond with Figs. 2 and 3 respectively but show a sheave having a wire lapped around about only one quarter of the circumference. Fig. 7 is a plan of a pair of sheaves each of the latter having a wire lapped around about three fourths of its circumference and Fig. 8 is a similar view but showing the wires lapped around one quarter only of the circumference of each sheave. Fig. 9 is a plan of a sheave carrying two wires three quarter lapped, and Fig. 10

is a plan of a sheave carrying two wires one quarter lapped. Fig. 1.1 is a plan and Fig. 12 is an elevation or edge View of the lower left hand corner of a drawing board fitted 21 an elevation of a modified form of bracket for supporting -a pair of sheaves. Fig. 22 isa plan and Fig. 23 an end elevation of another modified form of bracket.

Fig. 24 is a plan and Fig. 25 is a section on the line XXV-XXV of Fig. 24: of yet another modified form of bracket and sheave brake, and Fig.26 is'a plan and Fig. 27 an elevation seen from the left hand side of Fig. 26 of a brake er clamp device for acting upon a guiding wire.

In Fig. 1 a is the drawing board, 6 is the ruler, c c areshea-ves mounted at one end of the ruler b and '(Z d are sheaves mounted at the'opposite end'ofthe ruler. e and h are securing devices or clamps for fixing respective ends of the wire j at the bottom corners of the board, the clamps being on the side edges of the board. The wire y is arranged in the following novel and ad vantageous manner: lit .is taken from the device 6 up to and anticlockwise around the sheave 0, along the ruler .7) to and clockwise around the sheave d, then up to a guide or anti-friction device 20 fixed at the top right hand corner of the board, along the top edge of the board, over .asecond guide device 20 down to and clockwise around the sheave '0, along the ruler Z) to and anti-' clockwise around the sheave d, and finally down to the securing device or clamp h. Owing to the wire j having its ends fixed to the side edges of the board and its end portions and loop portion m running along the side and top edges of the board, whereas those portions of the wire lying between 0 d and c d are above the surface of the board, it is necessary to provide means for-enabling the portions of the wire lying along the ruler to be elevated in a manner which will not interfere with ease and accuracy of working. These improvements therefore arrange for the pivots of the sheaves c 0 cl (Z to be inclined, so that the sheaves are inclined as shown in Fig. 3 from which figure itis readily seen that with the'sheave, such as 0, inclined, a wire j lapped three quarters around said sheave will pass from said sheave at a higher level than that at which it passes to said sheave. The chain lines in Figs. 3 and 1 indicate a convenient inclination to give 'to the sheave and the relation of such inclination to the position of the lapping of the wire around the sheave. In Fig. 4 the pulley "has not a V groove as in Fig. 3 but is widened and has a fiatbottomed groove and is capable of giving a Figs. 5 and 6 illustratethe effect. upon the wire by lapping it only ninety degrees around the sheave.

Fig. 7 shows the sheaves 0 0 of Fig. 1 to a larger scale and by comparing Figs. 2, 3 and 7, the direction of inclination of the sheaves is readily seen. i

vFig. 8 shows how the wirev jis arranged when lapped only ninety degrees around the sheaves c 0. Instead of a pair of sheaves at each end of the ruler, a single sheave 0 Figs, 9 and 10 may be employed and'these figures illustrate the lapping of the portions of the wire j around such single pulley. i

Figs. 11 and 12 illustrate a convenient clamp device for securing the wire ends as at e and h Fig. 1. The clamp comprises a base plate 21 upon which is fixed a screw 22 and ears or projections 23 are formed upon theedge of the plate and at each side of the screw 22. A wire end to he clamped is laid upon the screw 22 and beneath the projections 23 and the washer 24 and nut 25 having been passed over the screw, the nut is tightened thereby pressing the ring or washer 24: against the wire, the projections 23- preventing lateral escape of the wire under the clamping pressure, or other action tending to release the wire from the clamp.

In Fig. 1 the guides or slides 20, 26 for the wire afford a support'right' around the top corners of the board but these guides may be formed as shown in Figs. 13 and 1 1 in which a base plate 26 is securedat the corner of the board and one end of the plate is bent up and slotted so as to provide a guide eye 27. These guides :may be used of course at the bottom corners of the board, in which case the wires could be clamped .by devices on the bottom edge of the board shown revolubly mounted upon inclined pins v28 fixed in the inclined members of a frame 29 approximately tr angular in shape and conveniently formed with a shank '30for affording additional security and. support.

This frame is fixed to the ruler b by the screws passing through the-base portion and.

shank 30'as shown. Blade spring devices 31 may be securedto the ruler in such a manner asto press upon the side faces of the sheaves cl cl and to thus actas brakes thus requiring'pressure:tobe applied in order to move it'again'st the action of, such bra'ke. ,The springs '31 may,-for example,

be formed as branches of a shank portion 32 which may be secured beneath the frame 29 and its shank 30. A screw 33 passed through a screw threaded hole in the frame 29 presses upon the spring device and the screw is turned one way or the other in order to vary the pressure of the blades 31 upon the sheaves (Z cl. The wire j instead of passing along the upper surface of the ruler b may be passed beneath the latter and for this purpose the under surface of the ruler may be made hollow as shown in Fig. 18, or it may be formed with two grooves 34: for the reception of the wire j, as shown by Fig. 19, which is a section of a ruler similar to that seen in Figs. 15 to 17. The sheaves in Figs. 15 to 17 are lapped by the wire around about three quarters of their peripheries and they have inclinations similar to those described with reference to Figs. 2, to 4: and 7.

In a modified form of frame 29 shown in Figs. 20 and 21, lower supporting members 35 are provided for the pins 28, such lower members 35 lying beneath the inclined members of the triangular frame 29 and being carried thereon by the perpendicular pieces 36. Passages 37 are formed in the members 36 situated at the base of the frame 29 for the passage of the crossed portions of the wire adjacent to the sheaves (Z d as will be readily understood by reference to Fig. 16. When the wire is lapped around one quarter only of each of the sheaves (Z (Z, the

- last named may be mounted on pins 28 fixed to the prongs of a forked bracket 38 as shown in Figs. 22 and 23, the inclinations of the sheaves being similar to those described with reference to Figs. 5, 6 and 8.

In some cases it may be suflicient to arrange a brake to be operative only upon the pulley (Z, or upon the sheaves a and (Z only. For example in Figs. 2a and 25 a blade spring 39 is shown fixed to a frame 29 very similar to the frame 29 seen in Figs. 15 to 17, and a curved slot 40 formed in the frame receives a ball il which is pressed against the sheave (Z by the spring 39. A screw 42 is passed through the spring 39 and is screwed into the frame 29 so that by turning the screw 42 in one direction or the other, the pressure of the spring. 39 upon the ball ll and the braking effect of the latter upon the sheave is varied as desired. Owing to the inclination of the sheave (l with relation to the blade spring 39 it will be obvious that in one direction of rotation of the sheave, that is to say when the ruler is moved toward the bottom of the board, the ball will run into the narrow space between the sheave (Z and the spring 39 at one end of the slot 40 and will exert a maximum braking action, while in the opposite direction of rotation the ball will run into the wide space between the sheave (Z and the spring 39 and the sheave will be free to turn in that direction, which is the direction of rotation when the ruler. b is pushed up the board.

In Figs. 26 and 27 I have shown a brake in the form of an automatic grip somewhat similar to the well-known silent pawl. The pawl or cam 4L3 is pivoted to a base plate tl which is secured to any convenient portion of the ruler Z), in the path of the wire The pawl 43 may be fitted with a projection 45 taking into a curved slot 416 which limits the motion of the projection 45 and pawl l3. The wire is led between a pin or pro j ection 4'7 and the operative edge of the pawl 43 and it will be apparent that in one direction of movement the wire 7' will cause the pawl 43 to move toward the pin t? and to grip the wire between itself and the pin 47. In the opposite direction of movement of the wire j the pawl 43 will be moved away from the pin 47 thereby relieving the grip upon the wire The pawl 43 may be fitted with a thumb lever 48 for the purpose of releasing the pawl 43 when it is desired to move the ruler freely down the board.

Referring back toFig. 1 it is to be noted that, when it is necessary to remove the arrangement from the board, if the ruler .7) be pushed to the top of the board before unfastening the screw, lever, or other clamp, which secures the ends of the wires to the board, the arrangement when removed will be readily handled and not liable to damage, or entangling of the Wire for the two loose end portions are the only loose portions and these hang from opposite ends of the ruler. Thus the improved arrangement is advantageous when compared with existing arrangements comprising a loop in the wire carried around guides on the surface of the board for not only did this loop restrict the working surface but upon removing the arrangement from the board, the loop depended loosely from the ruler, whereas in the improved arrangement it is carried almost tautly along one edge of the ruler.

Various other modifications and changes are possible without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention and will be readily devised by those versed in the art. For example arrangements and devices described with reference to sheaves c or 0 are applicable to sheaves (Z or d and vice versa. Furthermore when pairs of sheaves c 0 and (Z d are employed and it is desired to be able to adjust the ruler b to positions in clined to the horizontal, it may be necessary to arrange for the supports for the sheaves, such as the frames 29 or 38 to be adjustable along the ruler b and to swivel upon the ruler b so as to preserve the relation between the pairs of sheaves and the side edges of the board, as will now be readily understood. If desired two separate wires or lengths may be employed in place of the single wire looped along the top of the board, in: which case the loop might disappear as each'wire would have its ends fixed to diagonally opposite corners of the board.

I claim 1. In self-guiding arrangements for parallel rulers and ,thelike, the combination of a drawing board and a ruler, a guiding wire having its ends fixed to the board, guide devices supported near the ends of said ruler for said Wire, said wire beingcrossed between said guide devices, and guide devices on said board adapted to receive a loop of said wire carried around a portion of said board;

2; In self-guiding arrangements for parallel rulers and the like, the combination of a drawing board and ruler, a; guiding wirehaving its ends fixed to the board, sheaves supported near the ends of said ruler, inclined pivots on said ruler for supporting said sheaves at such an inclination as to carry portions of the said wire from the edge of the board andbeneath the surface of the latter to the higher level at which said wire passes to and fro across the board, said wire being crossed between said sheaves, and guide devices on said board face of said board, said wire proceeding from' its fixed ends along the side edges of the board to said sheaves and crossing between said sheaves and finally passing in a loop lying around the said edges and along another edge of said board.

4i. In self-guiding arrangements for parallel rulers and the like, comprising in com bination a drawing board, a guiding wire having its two ends fixed to corners of the board, a ruler, and two pairs of inclined sheaves on said ruler one pair near each end, one sheave of each pair being adapted to receive an end portion. of said wire which extends along the adjacent side'edge of said board below the surface thereof and to transmit said wire to a higher level above said board, said wire being crossed between said sheaves, the other member of each pair then receiving said wire from the higher level and transmitting it to thelower level Copi'esof th'ispatent may be obtained for five cents each, by addressing the Commissioner of-Pa'tents? lyovsgoev to form a loop around one edge of said board.

5. In self-guiding arrangements for parallel rulers and the like for drawing boards,

around one of the sheaves of one pair,then

crossing the ruler andlaround one of the sheaves of the other pair, then around the other two corners of the board at the upper edge thereof, then down around the second sheave of the first pair, then across to and around the second sheave of the second pair, said'w'ire" in its passage from the second sheave of the first pair tothe second sheave of the second pair crossing the other wire extendingfrom one sheave to the other sheave of the two pairs,-said wire then passing from the second sheave of the second pair to the other fastening device, the wire when passing from' the sheaves to the fastening devices and to the upper corners of the board extending from points above the surface of the board to points belowthe' surface of the board.

6. In self-guiding arrangements for par allel rulers, the combination of a drawing board and aruler, angularly disposed sheaves mounted near the ends of said ruler, and a guiding wire having its ends fixed to the board and passing around and crossed between said sheaves.

7. Inself-guiding arrangements for parallel rulers, the combination of a drawing board and a ruler, angularly disposed sheaves'mounted near the ends of said ruler, a guiding wire having its ends fixed to the board and passing around and crossed between said sheaves, and a self-acting? brake operative upon one of said sheaves.

8; In self-guiding arrangementsfor parallel rulers, the combination of a drawing board and a ruler an ularlv' disposed sheaves mounted near the ends of said ruler,-

a' guiding wire having its ends fixed to the board and passing around-and crossed be tween said sheaves, and a self-acting broke device to retard the movement of'said wire over said sheaves in one direction.

In testimony whereof I have signed my name to this specification in the presence of two'subscribing witnesses.

soz'our SANDURSKYJ.

Witnesses:

SCHULEM SAIQZMANN, AUGUST Lorrnniz.

Washington, D'. 0. 

